Ljubljana related

05 Dec 2019, 11:36 AM

STA, 4 December 2019 - Economist Velimir Bole has assessed that the Slovenian economy is much more resistant to new shocks than it was before the last economic crisis, but that the price for that is a somewhat lower growth. On the other hand, challenges remain when it comes to competitiveness related to a development breakthrough.

At Wednesday's presentation of Outlook 2020, a publication released by the Manager Association, Bole noted that companies and financial institutions had reduced their debt significantly. Households remain among the least indebted in Europe, and the state is under the eurozone average despite a high debt growth.

Overall, Slovenia is almost three times less indebted than the eurozone on average and is less indebted than the economic superpower Germany, he added at the event at the Ljubljana Faculty of Economics, hosted by the newspaper Delo.

According to Bole, indicators in public finances, balance of payments and price competitiveness have improved after the crisis significantly more than in the eurozone as a whole. Macroeconomic stability is much higher than before the crisis and is approximately at the level of Germany.

The resistance of the economy is thus significantly higher, but this does not come without opportunity costs, he said, adding that two of these were slower growth and a higher saving rate.

If there is no major global shock, which cannot be excluded, Bole believes that growth could accelerate again in the third quarter of next year, but one of the main questions is to what extent domestic consumption will be reduced in 2020 due to the slow-down in the manufacturing sector.

Arturo Bris, the director of the International Institute for Management Development (IMD), meanwhile said that despite the higher resistance of the Slovenian economy to a potential crisis, there were challenges regarding competitiveness.

The Lausanne-based institute manages an internationally-recognised economic competitiveness list, on which Slovenia places 37th in overall competitiveness, 32nd in digital competitiveness and 31st in terms of talent.

Bris pointed to what he believes are Slovenia's two major problems - the (in)ability to attract foreign direct investments, with the reason being unfavourable tax policy, and the rigid and restrictive regulation.

Slovenia's rating in both factors is very low, while it is very high in terms of social cohesion and security, he added.

While Slovenia is in a very good position in terms of digital competitiveness, there are two weaknesses - inadequate regulation for development of digital economy and companies not being as ready to introduce technological novelties as citizens.

When it comes to the availability of qualified workforce, Slovenia's problems are the inability to attract foreign talent despite good conditions and high quality of life, and educated and talented young people leaving the country.

According to Bris, the problem in Slovenia is not the framework for competitiveness or fairness of the system, but inefficiencies in the system. One of the problems is businesses distrusting the state, he said, adding that businesses should cooperate with the public sector, as this was the only way for major changes.

He admitted that the observations of Slovenian business executives participating in IMD surveys did not necessarily always reflect the reality. This is a problem and this gap needs to be closed, otherwise the country's reputation will be worse than it actually should be, he added.

17 Oct 2019, 09:33 AM

STA, 17 October 2019 - The parliamentary Finance Committee has finalised a package of tax bills that slightly reduce the taxation of labour in favour of higher taxes on capital, after adopting last-minute amendments to counter criticism that the legislation amounted to a generous handout to the rich.

Under the legislative package confirmed last evening and slated for passage at the National Assembly plenary next week, the thresholds for all five brackets will be slightly increased and the general tax credit will rise.

In the second and third tax brackets, which cover mostly the middle class, the tax rate will drop by a percentage point.

Those on the minimum wage will see their earnings rise only marginally, while those on average pay can expect roughly EUR 150 more per year.

The original government proposal also involved a significant tax cut for the richest, as the threshold for when the highest, 50% tax rate kicks, was to rise by over EUR 9,000 to EUR 80,000.

Bud amidst criticism, especially by the opposition Left, that this amounted to a generous handout to the richest, the committee set the threshold at EUR 72,000, about a thousand euro higher than now.

There are only about 3,900 individuals who fall into this tax bracket, or 0.3% of all income tax payers.

The income tax changes are coupled with higher capital gains tax, which will rise to 27.5% from 25%. This rate will also apply to rental income.

Additionally, companies will be subject to a minimum corporate income tax rate of 7%, as tax credits for investments and losses from previous years will be reduced.

The committee debate saw parties clash on taxes along ideological lines.

The Left unsuccessfully sought to withdraw the income tax changes altogether, arguing that the legislation would create a huge budget shortfall while doing too little to benefit the poorest.

The centre-right opposition, on the other hand, came up with amendments that would reduce the taxation of capital and accused the Left of "trying to banish managers out of the country", as New Slovenia (NSi) MP Jožef Horvat put it.

All opposition amendments were voted down.

And even an MP of the coalition, businessman Marko Bandelli of the Alenka Bratušek Party (SAB), wondered why the Left hated people with high pay "who push our country forward".

Robert Pavšič of the ruling Marjan Šarec List (LMŠ) countered that the government was heeding warnings by international organisations that labour is too heavily taxed and capital too little.

"The underlying purpose is to provide greater tax equality," he said.

The government had originally proposed a much more far-reaching tax reform package but the bills, first presented in February, got watered down due to GDP growth data and forecasts showing that economic growth is cooling down.

03 Oct 2019, 17:32 PM

STA, 3 October 2019 - The government confirmed on Thursday a package of tax tweaks that are meant to reduce taxes on labour to increase competitiveness. The list includes increased general tax credit and changes to the income tax brackets to reduce the tax burden on the middle class. On the other hand, the taxation of capital gains and rental income is to rise slightly.

 The changes, which the government wants passed in fast-track procedure so they can enter into force with the start of 2020, affect laws on personal income tax, corporate income tax and on tax on profit from disposal of derivatives.

Speaking of a "new step towards tax optimisation", the government said that the "proposed measure will additionally reduce the burdens on labour, whereby we are strengthening competitiveness, preserving a stable economy and contributing to sustainable economic growth".

In general, the changes are designed to increase take-home pay, which will be achieved with a higher general tax credit that all taxpayers are entitled to, by EUR 200 to EUR 3,500.

In an effort to reduce the tax burden on the middle class, the tax rate will fall by one percentage point both in the second and third brackets, to 26% and 33%, respectively.

02 Oct 2019, 12:18 PM

STA, 1 October 2019 - A group of 32 MPs has requested that the Constitutional Court review the property mass valuation act. The request, distributed to the press on Tuesday by the opposition New Slovenia (NSi), says that the valuation models used for the estimates, set to serve as basis for a property tax, should have been closely defined by the act.

The models are key in determining the taxpayers' position and must thus be prescribed by the law and not by executive acts, the review request says.

The issues found unconstitutional by the Constitutional Court in 2013 still remain after the act was changed in May 2019, the request says.

The court found in 2013 that the act failed to define individual valuation models and the application of models in value estimated of different types of real estate.

The act also failed to define "actual use of buildings or parts of buildings" and did not define individual types of actual use, the request notes.

The NSi has called a press conference for tomorrow, featuring MP Iva Dimic and the NSi's farmers' branch head Janez Beja.

One of the points in the request says that the valuation system has been set up in a way that will force farmers to sell agricultural land whose purpose is classified as building land.

The act envisages that the value of this type of land be estimated based on classification by purpose, rather than actual use, which would lead to higher taxes. The request says that this will force farmers to sell the land, and to development of agricultural land.

Meanwhile, the Mapping and Surveying Authority (Geodetska uprava Republike Slovenije – GURS) released today preliminary results of mass valuation of property. The results could be used for a number of purposes, including a real estate tax.

However, Prime Minister Marjan Šarec told the MPs in a Q&A today that the government, "in its current constellation is not capable of passing a real estate tax".

27 Sep 2019, 10:47 AM

STA, 27 September 2019 - While the Financial Administration (FURS) has just highlighted the continuing positive trend in the recovery of tax debt, it is bound to have a hard time recovering what are EUR 25 million owed by one of the biggest tax debtors in the country. Zlatan Kudić reportedly disappeared as a tax fraud trial against him was about to end.

According to Thursday's report by public broadcaster TV Slovenija, the former director of the Ljubljana company Maxicon, which went into receivership in 2012, has had an arrest warrant issued against him.

Kudić was undergoing a trial, along with two co-defendants, for tax evasion, money laundering and destruction of evidence.

The court ordered that he be detained when he stopped attending trial a few weeks ago and the police issued an arrest warrant, but so far to no avail.

According to TV Slovenija, Kudić and Maxicon have been erased from the list of tax debtors with the company's termination, but FURS could theoretically still go after the debt via a pecuniary claim in a criminal procedure.

The question, however, is whether Kudić will ever again be available to Slovenian courts and whether he officially has any assets at all, the report added.

06 Sep 2019, 09:30 AM

STA, 5 September 2019 - Slovenia is among the top EU member states in reducing the share of uncollected value added tax (VAT) revenue, or VAT gap, according to a study for 2017 released by the European Commission on Thursday.

Slovenia is among the seven EU countries which reduced their VAT gaps by two to four percentage points, with the country bringing it down by around three percentage points to 3.5%.

The most successful country in this respect was Malta, which reduced its VAT gap by seven percentage points, followed by Poland (six points) and Cyprus (four points).

In 2017, the biggest VAT gaps were registered in Romania (36%), Greece (34%) and Lithuania (25%), and the smallest in Sweden, Luxembourg and Cyprus, where the shares stood around 1%.

The study shows that the EU member states lost a total of EUR 137.5 billion in uncollected value added tax in 2017, which is EUR 8 billion less than in the year before in nominal terms.

That year, the amount represented 11.2% of total VAT revenue in the entire EU, which is one percentage points down compared to 2016, the European Commission said.

The trend of the decreasing VAT gap was observed for the fifth year in a row in 2017, and a preliminary estimate for last year suggests that the gap is to decrease further and drop below EUR 130 billion or 10% of the expected VAT revenue.

29 Jul 2019, 14:48 PM

STA, 29 July 2019 - The Slovenian Financial Administration (Furs) has told the STA that serious efforts have been under way to detect and sanction individuals engaged in regular crypto currency mining or trading while failing to pay taxes. It highlighted the example of a miner who had to pay EUR 100,000 in taxes after his undeclared activity was discovered.

Furs responded last year to the soaring values of popular cryptocurrencies by issuing warnings that regular crypto mining and trading can amount to a work activity that needs to registered and is subject to taxation.

Cases are evaluated on an individual basis, with key factors being the turnover value and number of transactions in a specific period.

Asked whether any undeclared miners or traders had been discovered in recent months, Furs highlighted the example of an individual who was discovered to have engaged in regular mining over an extensive period which would have required registration as an activity.

"This discovery of undeclared work led to the individual making a self-declaration and paying almost EUR 100,000 taxes," Furs explained.

It remains unclear how many people in Slovenia are engaged in the activity of mining or trading in cryptocurrencies.

Furs has various channels for obtaining information, indulging through the international exchange of data among tax administrations.

29 Jul 2019, 10:57 AM

STA, 28 July 2019 - The government has proposed a series of tax tweaks aimed at reducing labour taxation, coupled with higher taxes on capital, which would partly offset the loss of revenue. The rest is to be secured through more effective tax collection.

The Finance Ministry submitted the blueprint of the tax reform for public consultation on 22 June, and is accepting comments from stakeholders until 1 August after which it will compile draft amendments ready to be passed by the government and then by parliament.

The changes would affect laws on personal income tax, corporate income tax and on tax on profit from disposal of derivatives. This would also require changes to the tax procedure act. The bills are to hit parliamentary benches in the autumn to be fast-tracked in order to kick in on 1 January 2020.

Finance Minister Andrej Bertoncelj would like the package to be revenue neutral. "We've planned a set of soft measures with the main role to be played by the Financial Administration," the minister said in a recent interview with the magazine Reporter.

The revenue service is to produce an extra EUR 160 million through a proactive approach that would make tax collection more effective and crack down on tax evasion and fraud involving social contributions, the minister explained.

Overall, the planned cuts on labour taxation, along with the cuts on holiday allowance that have already been implemented, are projected to reduce receipts by roughly EUR 220 million annually, while additional taxes would increase receipts by an estimated EUR 87 million.

FURS has told the STA it has already drawn up measures designed to collect an additional EUR 160 million more in taxes. These include measures to increase voluntary payment of taxes such as expanding payment methods and advancing tax literacy among the young, and improving inspection procedures.

In this way they hope to collect EUR 50 million more social contributions, EUR 45 million more VAT and EUR 40 million more personal income tax. A further EUR 25 million could be gained from more aware tax payers and better oversight of how legal persons calculate and pay tax and of tax on motor vehicles.

The proposed changes include increasing general tax credit and tweaks to the income tax brackets to reduce the tax burden on the middle class. This is to be offset by higher corporate income tax and higher taxation of capital gains and of rental income.

15 Jul 2019, 14:54 PM

STA, 12 July 2019 - The opposition Democrats (SDS) and New Slovenia (NSi) have joined the initiative of Slovenian workers who commute to Austria for a constitutional review of what they see as discriminatory income tax legislation.

While the union of Slovenian migrant workers asked the top court to review the income tax act in November 2018, Franc Breznik of the SDS told the press on Friday that the two parties urged the court to give the matter absolute priority treatment.

"This is a very burning issue in particularly in the east on the country, an issue that is perhaps not felt so much in Ljubljana," he said.

Slovenians working abroad but residing in Slovenia pay part of the taxes in Austria and additional income tax in Slovenia, which the NSi's Jožef Horvat said leaves them with less disposable income compared to workers with similar income in Slovenia.

"If both make EUR 18,700 gross a year, the worker in Slovenia has EUR 1,750 more disposable income than the one working in Austria," he said.

Horvat, who highlighted a different tax treatment of food and transport allowances as a key source of the discrepancy, said the situation was at odds with a Constitutional Court reasoning from 2013 that put commuting migrant workers on "essentially equal" footing with their compatriots in Slovenia as regards income tax, "which means our legal order should treat them equally".

He added the current arrangement was also at odds with the principle of the welfare sate, since the segment of commuting migrant workers with high income is subjected to a more favourable treatment when it comes to the mentioned allowance costs.

Responding to the original initiative for a constitutional review a while ago, the Finance Ministry said that exempting Slovenian workers commuting abroad from income tax would be systemically unacceptable and violate the constitutional principle of equal tax treatment.

All of our stories on tax in Slovenia are here

17 Apr 2019, 16:38 PM

STA, 16 April 2019 - The National Assembly voted down the Democratic Party (SDS)-sponsored amendment designed to cut the personal income tax on Tuesday, thus paving the way for the adoption of the government proposal to abolish tax on the annual holiday allowance up to average monthly pay.

In its third such proposal since 2017, the opposition party sought to reduce tax rates for all income brackets by two percentage points, raise brackets by EUR 2,000 upwards, and increase the general tax credit from EUR to 3,300 to EUR 4,000, as well see to its adjustment with inflation.

The party argued that labour taxation in Slovenia was among the EU's highest, which made Slovenian businesses less competitive and less productive because they could not spend enough money on research and development. The high taxation was also blamed for the brain drain.

The party calculated that the amendment would result in a loss of revenue from income tax of EUR 387m, which would be offset through higher receipts from VAT as a result of an increase in consumption.

The Finance Ministry estimated the loss of revenue at EUR 383m and the increase in VAT revenue at EUR 19m. The government and coalition MPs argued that the loss of revenue would thus be excessive.

The only other parties to back the SDS proposal were the fellow opposition New Slovenia (NSi) and National Party (SNS).

Now that the SDS amendment is off the table, the National Assembly will be able to move on to the government-sponsored amendment which increase the threshold at which the holiday allowance is exempt from taxes and contribution from 70% to 100% of average pay.

The parliament is expected to pass this proposal at a session due on 25 April.

The current session wrapped up today after only two days of proceedings, including Monday's questions time.

All our stories on tax in Slovenia are here

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